Calculation of the constant factor in the six-vertex model

Bleher, Pavel; Bothner, Thomas

Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré D, Tome 1 (2014) no. 4, pp. 363-427.

We calculate explicitly the constant factor $C$ in the large $N$ asymptotics of the partition function $Z_N$ of the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions on the critical line between the disordered and ferroelectric phases. On the critical line the weights $a,b,c$ of the model are parameterized by a parameter $\alpha >1$, as $a=\frac{\alpha -1}{2}$, $b=\frac{\alpha +1}{2}$, $c=1$. The asymptotics of $Z_N$ on the critical line was obtained earlier in the paper [8] of Bleher and Liechty: $Z_N=C{F}^{N^2}{G}^{\sqrt{N}}{N}^{1/4}(1+O\left(N^{-1/2}\right))$, where $F$ and $G$ are given by explicit expressions, but the constant factor $C>0$ was not known. To calculate the constant $C$, we find, by using the Riemann–Hilbert approach, an asymptotic behavior of $Z_N$ in the double scaling limit, as $N$ and $\alpha$ tend simultaneously to $\infty$ in such a way that $\frac{N}{\alpha }\to t\ge 0$. Then we apply the Toda equation for the tau-function to find a structural form for $C$, as a function of $\alpha$, and we combine the structural form of $C$ and the double scaling asymptotic behavior of $Z_N$ to calculate $C$.

Classification : 82-XX, 15-XX
Mots-clés : Six-vertex model, domain wall boundary conditions, critical line between disordered and antiferroelectric phases, asymptotic behavior of the partition function, Riemann– Hilbert problem, Deift–Zhou nonlinear steepest descent method, Toda equation