Equidistribution of Small Points, Rational Dynamics, and Potential Theory
[Équidistribution des petits points, dynamique des fonctions rationnelles, et théorie du potentiel]
Annales de l'Institut Fourier, Tome 56 (2006) no. 3, pp. 625-688.

Étant donné une fonction rationnelle de degré au moins 2 défini sur un corps de nombres k, nous montrons que pour chaque place v de k, il existe une seule mesure μ ϕ,v sur l’espace de Berkovich Berk ,v 1 / v tel que si {z n } est un séquence de points de 1 (k ¯) dont les hauteurs ϕ-canonique tendent vers zéro, alors les points z n et leurs Gal (k ¯/k)-conjugués sont équidistribués selon μ ϕ,v .

La preuve utilise un relèvement F(x,y)=(F 1 (x,y),F 2 (x,y)) de ϕ pour construire une fonction de Arakelov-Green g ϕ,v (x,y) de deux variables pour chaque v. La mesure μ ϕ,v s’obtient comme le laplacien (au sens d’espace de Berkovich) de g ϕ,v (x,y). Les ingrédients principaux de la preuve sont un principe de minimisation de l’énergie pour g ϕ,v (x,y) et une formule pour le diamètre transfini homogène de l’ensemble rempli de Julia v-adique K F,v v 2 pour chaque place v.

Given a rational function ϕ(T) on 1 of degree at least 2 with coefficients in a number field k, we show that for each place v of k, there is a unique probability measure μ ϕ,v on the Berkovich space Berk ,v 1 / v such that if {z n } is a sequence of points in 1 (k ¯) whose ϕ-canonical heights tend to zero, then the z n ’s and their Gal (k ¯/k)-conjugates are equidistributed with respect to μ ϕ,v .

The proof uses a polynomial lift F(x,y)=(F 1 (x,y),F 2 (x,y)) of ϕ to construct a two-variable Arakelov-Green’s function g ϕ,v (x,y) for each v. The measure μ ϕ,v is obtained by taking the Berkovich space Laplacian of g ϕ,v (x,y). The main ingredients in the proof are an energy minimization principle for g ϕ,v (x,y) and a formula for the homogeneous transfinite diameter of the v-adic filled Julia set K F,v v 2 for each place v.

DOI : 10.5802/aif.2196
Classification : 11G50, 37F10, 31C15
Keywords: Canonical heights, rational dynamics, equidistribution, arithmetic dynamics, potential theory, capacity theory
Mot clés : hauteurs canoniques, dynamique des fonctions rationnelles, équidistribution, dynamique arithmétique, théorie du potentiel
Baker, Matthew H. 1 ; Rumely, Robert 2

1 Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Mathematics, Atlanta, GA 30332-0160, USA
2 University of Georgia, Department of Mathematics, Athens, GA 30602-7403, USA
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Baker, Matthew H.; Rumely, Robert. Equidistribution of Small Points, Rational Dynamics, and Potential Theory. Annales de l'Institut Fourier, Tome 56 (2006) no. 3, pp. 625-688. doi : 10.5802/aif.2196. http://archive.numdam.org/articles/10.5802/aif.2196/

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