Observability and controllability for the Schrödinger equation on quotients of groups of Heisenberg type

Fermanian Kammerer, Clotilde; Letrouit, Cyril

Journal de l’École polytechnique — Mathématiques, Tome 8 (2021), pp. 1459-1513.

Dans cet article, nous donnons des conditions nécessaires et des conditions suffisantes pour la contrôlabilité d’une équation de Schrödinger impliquant un opérateur sous-elliptique sur une variété compacte. Cet opérateur est le sous-laplacien d’une variété obtenue en quotientant un groupe de type Heisenberg par l’un de ses sous-groupes discrets. Cette classe de groupes nilpotents est un exemple important de groupes de Lie de pas 2. Le sous-laplacien est alors un opérateur sous-elliptique et nous montrons qu’à la différence de ce qui se passe pour le cas elliptique sur le tore ou sur des surfaces à courbures négatives, il existe un temps minimal de contrôlabilité pour l’équation de Schrödinger associée à ce sous-laplacien. Les principaux outils que nous utilisons sont des mesures semi-classiques à valeurs opérateurs construites via la théorie des représentations et une notion de paquets d’ondes semi-classiques que nous introduisons ici dans le contexte des groupes de type Heisenberg.

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the controllability of a Schrödinger equation involving the sub-Laplacian of a nilmanifold obtained by taking the quotient of a group of Heisenberg type by one of its discrete sub-groups. This class of nilpotent Lie groups is a major example of stratified Lie groups of step 2. The sub-Laplacian involved in these Schrödinger equations is subelliptic, and, contrary to what happens for the usual elliptic Schrödinger equation for example on flat tori or on negatively curved manifolds, there exists a minimal time of controllability. The main tools used in the proofs are (operator-valued) semi-classical measures constructed by use of representation theory and a notion of semi-classical wave packets that we introduce here in the context of groups of Heisenberg type.

Classification : 35R03, 35H20, 35J10, 93B07, 35Q93
Keywords: Sub-elliptic operator, control theory, observability, nilmanifold, H-type group
Mot clés : Opérateur sous-elliptique, théorie du contrôle, nilvariété, groupe de type Heisenberg

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