Structural endogamy and the network “graphe de parenté”
Mathématiques informatique et sciences humaines, Tome 137 (1997), pp. 101-125.

Cet article, qui fait partie d'une série, aborde les thèmes du mariage et de la parenté sous un angle cinétique et structural qui déplace le centre d'intérêt, du point de vue initial, fait de modèles de règles, de terminologies, d'attitudes et de normes, vers l'exploration de relations concrètes dans une population, que l'on analyse dans toute leur complexité, comme des réseaux, au moyen de la théorie des graphes. Une représentation utilisant le graphe de parenté sert de base pour étudier la théorie des alliances matrimoniales, la structure de la population (endogamie et exogamie, consanguinité, sous-groupes), aussi bien que d'autres concepts sociologiques incluant des formations sociales telles que les classes, les strates, les ethnies et les élites (Schweizer et White, 1997). Ce type d'approche structurale potentiellement multifacettes recouvre les études de structures et de processus concernant les pratiques actuelles en matière de mariage et de parenté et d'autres catégories de lien social qui ne leur étaient pas initialement reliées. L'identification des structures et des processus qui apparaissent dans ces réseaux est renforcée par l'application des attributs et des variables dynamiques sur l'armature constituée par le graphe de parenté. Toutes les questions théoriques concernant le mariage et la parenté peuvent être posées ou reformulées de manière à interroger la structure du réseau de parenté et prendre appui sur ce type d'analyse pour une exploration critique approfondie. L'objet de cette discussion concerne précisément les liens entre l'analyse en termes de graphe et différentes questions théoriques concernant les réseaux de parenté et de mariage.

This article, one of a series, approaches the topics of marriage and kinship through a revitalized kinetic structural approach that shifts the primary focus from abstract models of rules, terminologies, attitudes and norms to exploration of concrete relations in a population, analyzed graph-theoretically in their full complexity as networks. Network representation using the graphe de parenté (see below) serves as the basis for examining marriage alliance theory, population structure (such as endogamy and exogamy, inbreeding, subgroups), as well as other possible concepts of general sociological interest, including social formations such as classes, strata, ethnicity, and elites (Schweizer and White 1997). This type of potentially multi-layered structural approach extends to the study of structures and processes of actual marriage and kinship practices and other forms of social linkage that build off of them. Identification of structure and processes which occur in such networks is enhanced by mapping attributes or dynamic variables onto the armature of the kinship graph. Any number of theoretical questions concerning kinship and marriage may be posed or restated to address questions of the structure of kinship networks, and thus depend upon such analysis for deeper critical insights. The focus in this discussion is specifically on the connections between graph-theoretic analysis and various substantive theoretical questions concerning kinship and marriage networks.

@article{MSH_1997__137__101_0,
     author = {White, Douglas R.},
     title = {Structural endogamy and the network {\textquotedblleft}graphe de parent\'e{\textquotedblright}},
     journal = {Math\'ematiques informatique et sciences humaines},
     pages = {101--125},
     publisher = {Ecole des hautes-\'etudes en sciences sociales},
     volume = {137},
     year = {1997},
     zbl = {0885.92045},
     language = {en},
     url = {http://archive.numdam.org/item/MSH_1997__137__101_0/}
}
TY  - JOUR
AU  - White, Douglas R.
TI  - Structural endogamy and the network “graphe de parenté”
JO  - Mathématiques informatique et sciences humaines
PY  - 1997
SP  - 101
EP  - 125
VL  - 137
PB  - Ecole des hautes-études en sciences sociales
UR  - http://archive.numdam.org/item/MSH_1997__137__101_0/
LA  - en
ID  - MSH_1997__137__101_0
ER  - 
%0 Journal Article
%A White, Douglas R.
%T Structural endogamy and the network “graphe de parenté”
%J Mathématiques informatique et sciences humaines
%D 1997
%P 101-125
%V 137
%I Ecole des hautes-études en sciences sociales
%U http://archive.numdam.org/item/MSH_1997__137__101_0/
%G en
%F MSH_1997__137__101_0
White, Douglas R. Structural endogamy and the network “graphe de parenté”. Mathématiques informatique et sciences humaines, Tome 137 (1997), pp. 101-125. http://archive.numdam.org/item/MSH_1997__137__101_0/

Arhem, Kaj, 1981, Makuna Social Organization: A Study in Descent, Alliance, and the Formation of Corporate Groups in the North-Western Amazon., Stockholm, Almqvist & Wiksell.

Baltzell, E. Digby, 1989, Philadelphia Gentlemen: The Making of a National Upper Class, New Brunswick, NJ, Transaction Publishers.

Berkowitz, Steven D, 1975, The Dynamics of Elite Structure: A Critique of C. Wright Mills' "Power Elite" Model, Ph.D. Dissertation, Brandeis University.

Berkowitz, Steven D., and Fitzgerald William, 1995, "Corporate Control and Enterprise Structure in the Canadian Economy: 1972-1987", Social Networks 17, 111-127.

Bourdieu, Pierre, 1962, "CélIbat et condition paysanne", Études rurales 5-6, 33-135.

Bourdieu, Pierre, 1976, "Marriage strategies as strategies of social reproduction ", in Family and Society, eds. R. Forster and O. Ranum, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 117-44.

Brudner, Lilyan A., and White, Douglas R., 1997, "Class, Property and Structural Endogamy: Visualizing Networked Histories", Theory and Society, forthcoming winter 1997.

Curtain, Philip. 1984, Cross-Cultural Trade in Word History, Cambridge: University Press.

Domhoff, G. William. 1983, Who Rules America Now, NYC, NY: Simon and Schuster Inc.

Emirbayer, Mustafa, and Goodwin Jeff, 1994, "Network Analysis, Culture, and the Problem of Agency ", American Journal of Sociology 99,1411-1454.

Gibbons, Alan, 1985, Algorithmic graph theory, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. | MR | Zbl

Granovetter, Mark, 1973, "The Strength of Weak Ties", American Journal of Sociology 78, 1360-1380.

Guilbaud, G. Th., 1970, "Système parental et matrimonial au Nord Ambrym", Journal de la Société des Océanistes 26, 9-32

Hage, Per, and Harary Frank, 1983, Structural Models in Anthropology, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. | MR

Héran, François, 1995, Figures et Légendes de la Parenté, Paris, Institut national d'études démographiques (INED).

Houseman, Michael, and White Douglas R., 1996, "Structures réticulaires de la pratique matrimoniale", L'Homme 139, 59-85.

Houseman, Michael, and White Douglas R., 1997, "Taking Sides: Marriage Networks and Dravidian Kinship in South America", Transformations of Kinship, eds. Maurice Godelier and Thomas Trautmann. Washington, D.C, Smithsonian Press.

Hughes, Austin L., 1988, Evolution and Human Kinship, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Jola, T., Verdier, Y., and Zonabend, F., 1970, "Parler famille", L'Homme 10(3), 5-26.

Lamaison, Pierre, 1979, "Les stratégies matrimoniales dans un système complexe de parenté: Ribennes en Gévaudan (1650-1830)", Annales Economies, Sociétés, Civilisations 4, 721-743.

Leach, Edmund, 1961, Pul Eliya, a village in Ceylon, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Leach, Edmund, 1970, "Caste, Class and Slavery: The Taxonomic Problem", in Edward O. Laumann, Paul M. Siegel, and Robert W. Hodge, The Logic of Social Hierarchies, Chicago: Markham Publishing Co, 83-94.

Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 1969, The Elementary Structures of Kinship, Trans. James H. Bell, John R. von Sturmer and Rodney Needham, Boston, Beacon Press.

Lundburg, Ferdinand, 1940, America's Sixty Families, NYC, NY, Halycon House.

Mills, C. Wright. 1956, The Power Elite, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Myers, Gustavus, 1911, History of the Great American Fortunes, 3 vols., Chicago, Charles H. Kerr.

Richard, Philippe, 1993, "Étude des renchaînements d'alliance", Mathématique, Informatique et Sciences humaines, 123, 5-35. | Numdam

Robertson, A.F., 1991, Beyond the family: the social organization of human reproduction, Berkeley, University of California Press.

Schneider, David M., 1984, Critique of the Study of Kinship, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan.

Schweizer, Thomas, 1989, Reisanbau in einem javanischen Dorf: Eine Fallstudie zu Theorie und Methodik der Wirtschaftsethnologie, Cologne, Böhlau Verlag.

Segalen, Martine, 1985, Quinze générations des Bas-Bretons. Parenté et société dans le pays bigouden sud 1720-1980, Paris, PUF.

Stone, Samuel Z, 1990, The Heritage of the Conquistadors: Ruling classes in Central America from the Conquest to the Sandanistas., Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press.

Turner, Victor, 1957, Schism and Continuity in an African Society: a study of Ndembu village life, Manchester, Manchester University Press.

Wasserman, Stanley and Faust Katie, 1994, Social Nework Analysis, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

White, Douglas R, 1996, "Enfoque de redes al estudio de comunidades urbanas", Estudios Demographicas y Urbanas, Mexico City, Colegio de Mexico.

White, Douglas R, and Houseman Michael, in review, Kinship Networks and the Balance Principle: Cognatic Dual Organization, book ms, Under review by Cambridge University Press.

White, Douglas R., and Jorion Paul, 1992, "Representing and Analyzing Kinship: A Network Approac", Current Anthropology 33, 454-462.

White, Douglas R., and Jorion Paul, 1996, "Kinship Networks and Discrete Structure Theory: Formal Concepts and Applications", Social Networks, 18, 267-314.

White, Douglas R., and Schweizer Thomas, 1997, "Kinship, Property and Stratification in Rural Java: A Network Analysis", in Kinship, Networks, and Exchange, eds. Thomas Schweizer and Douglas R. White, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, forthcoming.