Homogenization of periodic graph-based elastic structures

Abdoul-Anziz, Houssam; Seppecher, Pierre

Journal de l’École polytechnique — Mathématiques, Tome 5 (2018), pp. 259-288.

Nous étudions, dans le cadre de la $\Gamma$-convergence et de l’homogénéisation périodique de matériaux fortement contrastés, des structures cylindriques constituées d’un unique matériau élastique linéaire et de vide. L’intérêt actuel pour l’homogénéisation à fort contraste est important mais en général des hypothèses ad hoc sont faites de manière à obtenir un modèle limite qui reste dans le cadre de l’élasticité classique. Nous cherchons, au contraire, à obtenir des énergies homogénéisées prenant en compte des effets de second gradient du déplacement (ou, de manière équivalente, de gradient de la déformation). Nous montrons d’abord que l’étude des structures considérées peut se réduire à l’étude de systèmes discrets correspondant à des réseaux périodiques de nœuds liés par des interactions élastiques. Notre étude de tels réseaux diffère de celles que l’on peut trouver dans la littérature par le fait que nous prenons en compte la différence d’ordre de grandeur des raideurs à l’extension et à la flexion des éléments élancés qui relient les nœuds du réseau. Cela nous permet de traiter des structures qui auraient été mobiles si l’on avait négligé les raideurs en flexion et complètement rigides si l’on avait considéré qu’elles étaient du même ordre de grandeur que les raideurs en extension. À notre connaissance, cette étude est le premier résultat rigoureux d’homogénéisation dans lequel l’énergie limite peut dépendre de toutes les composantes du second gradient du déplacement.

In the framework of $\Gamma$-convergence and periodic homogenization of highly contrasted materials, we study cylindrical structures made of one material and voids. Interest in high contrast homogenization is growing rapidly but assumptions are generally made in order to remain in the framework of classical elasticity. On the contrary, we obtain homogenized energies taking into account second gradient (i.e., strain gradient) effects. We first show that we can reduce the study of the considered structures to discrete systems corresponding to frame lattices. Our study of such lattices differs from the literature in the fact that we take into account the different orders of magnitude of the extensional and flexural stiffnesses. This allows us to consider structures which would have been floppy when considering only extensional stiffness and completely rigid when considering flexural stiffnesses of the same order of magnitude than the extensional ones. To our knowledge, this paper provides the first rigorous homogenization result in continuum mechanics with a complete second gradient limit energy.

Classification : 35B27, 35J30
Keywords: Periodic homogenization, Gamma-convergence, strain gradient
Mot clés : Homogénéisation périodique, Gamma-convergence, modèle de second gradient

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